Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Children Under Four and Children With Autism Don't Yawn Contagiously
Handwriting Is Real Problem For Children With Autism
Cognitive Skills in Children With Autism Vary and Improve, Study Finds
Children's Brain Development Is Linked to Physical Fitness, Research Finds
The new study, which used magnetic resonance imaging to measure the relative size of specific structures in the brains of 49 child subjects, appears in the journal Brain Research.
"This is the first study I know of that has used MRI measures to look at differences in brain between kids who are fit and kids who aren't fit," said University of Illinois psychology professor and Beckman Institute director Art Kramer, who led the study with doctoral student Laura Chaddock and kinesiology and community health professor Charles Hillman. "Beyond that, it relates those measures of brain structure to cognition."
The study focused on the hippocampus, a structure tucked deep in the brain, because it is known to be important in learning and memory. Previous studies in older adults and in animals have shown that exercise can increase the size of the hippocampus. A bigger hippocampus is associated with better performance on spatial reasoning and other cognitive tasks.
"In animal studies, exercise has been shown to specifically affect the hippocampus, significantly increasing the growth of new neurons and cell survival, enhancing memory and learning, and increasing molecules that are involved in the plasticity of the brain," Chaddock said.
Rather than relying on second-hand reports of children's physical activity level, the researchers measured how efficiently the subjects used oxygen while running on a treadmill.
"This is the gold standard measure of fitness," Chaddock said.
The physically fit children were "much more efficient than the less-fit children at utilizing oxygen," Kramer said.
When they analyzed the MRI data, the researchers found that the physically fit children tended to have bigger hippocampal volume -- about 12 percent bigger relative to total brain size -- than their out-of-shape peers.
The children who were in better physical condition also did better on tests of relational memory -- the ability to remember and integrate various types of information -- than their less-fit peers.
"Higher fit children had higher performance on the relational memory task, higher fit children had larger hippocampal volumes, and in general, children with larger hippocampal volumes had better relational memory," Chaddock said.
Further analyses indicated that a bigger hippocampus boosted performance on the relational memory task.
"If you remove hippocampal volume from the equation," Chaddock said, "the relationship between fitness and memory decreases."
The new findings suggest that interventions to increase childhood physical activity could have an important effect on brain development, Kramer said.
"We knew that experience and environmental factors and socioeconomic status all impact brain development," he said.
"If you get some lousy genes from your parents, you can't really fix that, and it's not easy to do something about your economic status. But here's something that we can do something about," Kramer said.
Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100915171536.htm
如何教导自閉症學生
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Living with Siblings Who Have Learning Disabilities
- By Sheldon H. Horowitz, Ed.D.
Published: July 1 2008
- "Don't forget about me!"
- Seeing the Forest Through the Trees
Raising children is a wonderful journey that has rewards and challenges every step along the way. Parenting children with special needs (whether they have health issues, problems with learning and behavior, and even exceptional abilities) is especially labor intensive. The attention and energy expended to meet these special needs and keep a healthy balance between home and school can be all-consuming and at times exhausting. As a consequence of this day-in and day-out juggling act, the feelings and needs of non-disabled siblings might be unintentionally overlooked.
Being on "LD alert" 24/7 can be very tiring, and parental stress and fatigue alone takes a toll on siblings who continually have to figure out how they fit into the flow of family activity and emotions and how their needs for attention, approval and assistance can be met. With parents needing to devote additional time and resources to helping one child, the overall family dynamic is easily thrown off balance.
- Siblings Have Feelings Too
- What could siblings be thinking and feeling as they watch their brother or sister struggle with learning? If they could find the right words, they might touch upon the very same emotions that were described by a psychologist in the 1940s who proposed a model of understanding human behavior. This 'hierarchy of needs' can readily be used to understand some of the emotions that need to be appreciated, understood and addressed by parents and other adults in order to help siblings cope with feelings of anger, jealousy, worry, guilt, and embarrassment that comprise their personal "baggage" as siblings and family members.
- Physiology (having to do with comfort and the physical body)
- "How come he gets more hugs than I do? And for things that are expected of everyone, like finishing homework!"
- Safety (dealing with the need to be protected from harm)
- "Why can't he make his own sandwich? He just needs to be careful with the bread knife.
- "What's the big deal about him riding his bike to school?"
- Belongingness and love (feeling attachment to others)
- "It seems like she's always the first one to get attention."
- "I'm always doing things for her; when was the last time she did something for me?"
- Esteem (having your thoughts and actions valued by others)
- "If you ask me, I'd tell you that you need to back off a little; you're doing things for him that he should be doing for himself."
- "What about my report card? Pretty good, huh?"
- Knowledge and understanding (seeking information)
- "When will her LD go away?"
- "Is she ever going to be able to do her work on her own?"
- Aesthetic (deriving pleasure and triggering emotion)
- "He's got a great laugh, even though his sense of humor is weird."
- "I wish I knew how to really help him when he's feeling down on himself."
- Self-actualization (having "peak experiences" that provide self-fulfillment)
- "I know we're very different, but we'll always be there to support each other."
- "They said he couldn't learn how to play guitar, and I taught him!"
- Transcendence (connecting to something beyond yourself to help others)
- "Everyone deserves to be appreciated for who they are and not just what they can do."
- "I know how important it is to spend time with him and his friends; they really look up to me and know that I will treat them with respect (even though they can be annoying and immature at times)."
- Vying for Attention
- It's only natural that siblings will compete for their parents' attention, and it's no different in families where there is a child with special needs. Misbehaving or acting out is often the way that children call attention to themselves, but underlying these actions is more often than not a genuine call for help. It is not uncommon for siblings of children with LD to share that they:
- Feel jealous of the extra attention being paid to others in the family
- Think they alone feel the way they do and see themselves as "outsiders" in their own families
- Resent all the attention being paid to others and wonder what they could do to regain some of the spotlight
- Feel guilty that their sibling has a "problem" when they don't
- Are embarrassed by having to make excuses or explain why their sibling can't do certain things or needs special attention
- Are worried about their parents and how hard it is for them to meet everyone's needs in the family
- Children with LD need special types of services and supports to succeed in school, at home and in the community. These demands will change over time but may continue throughout their lives. And while the demands upon families may decrease, the feelings that parents and siblings carry with them often remain.
- Some Take Away Tips
- Avoiding comparisons that point to weaknesses
- Make sure to notice (and even celebrate) special abilities or successes
- Do not assign family members to particular roles based on their skills and abilities
- Especially during stressful times, try to find opportunities to laugh!
- Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/in-the-home/parenting-issues/siblings/living-with-siblings-who-have-learning-disabilities
- Image retrieved from: http://www.webmastergrade.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Baby-With-Siblings.jpg
Tuesday, September 21, 2010
当心少儿感觉统合失调症
Friday, September 17, 2010
Inadequate Sleep Leads To Behavioral Problems, Study Finds
'Why' Just Has To Be The Most Often Used Word After 'No'
Article written by Susan M. Keenan.
All opinions expressed are that of the writer.
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
Multiply your child's intelligence from birth!
Location: KidzGrow @ Ground Floor, 39 C Chong Thuah Building, Weld Quay Penang
So, come join us to get insights from an experienced Occupational Therapist on:-
*Which are the senses to stimulate in your child to enhance learning
*What are the types of stimulations and How to put them into practice in your daily routine to help your child grow stronger, faster and smarter
*What are the “yes yes” and “no no” practices (traditional conventional or modern)?
*Is your child developing according to the milestones? When to be concerned?
The Speaker
Who should attend?
Parents to-be
Parents of new born babies
Parents of children age 5 and below
Caregivers / Nannies / Teachers
Anyone who handles babies/children regularly
Fees : RM30.00 per pax (including workshop materials and refreshments)
Early bird registration: RM5/- discount per pax
(Registration before 16 September 2010)
Group registration : RM5/- discount per pax
(Group pax : 5 and above)
Limited to 20 Seats only. First come, first served basis
PAYMENT
Payment has to be made prior to the event. A place is reserved when full payment has been made. Any payment made is not refundable unless due to cancellation by the organizer.
ENQUIRY & REGISTRATION
Tel : 04–2633229 Fax : 04-2631229
Email : frontdeskpg@kidzgrow.com.m
Website : www.kidzgrow.com.my
Closing date : 23 September 2010
SUBSTITUTION OR CANCELLATION
Substitution of participant(s) is allowed provided Kidzgrow is notified of the name of the new participant(s) at least 48 hours prior to commencement of the seminar.
Kidzgrow reserves the right to cancel, reschedule or postpone the seminar due to unforeseen circumstances. Every effort will be made to inform the registered participants.
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Video Series: Norman Doidge on Brain Plasticity
Thursday, September 9, 2010
Brain Boost: Speed up Your Child’s Processing Rate
On page 28 of our Fall issue (yes, it’s now available digitally as well as in print!!), writer Gina Parsons shares local educators’ insights into possible problems and solutions. Some kids will benefit from testing for learning issues; others may get all the help they need from a tutor.
Another option is a computerized learning program that zeroes in on brain processing skills. Don’t let your eyes glaze over – this is fascinating stuff. Our brains are sort of like computers. They have a processing speed. But because we’re on the inside, we may not be aware that our mental “computer” is running more slowly than it could be. To someone on the outside – for example, you watching your child – the poky pace may be more apparent.
“Speed of processing is absolutely essential,” said Dr. Paula Tallal, a cognitive neuroscientist who helped develop a computerized language intervention called Fast ForWord about 15 years ago. That program is only available in a professional setting, but a new one derived from it is now being made available for the first time for used at home by parents. BrainPro is for children whose brains could be processing faster, sequencing info more correctly, recalling it better and paying attention longer – yes, it turns out that we can train our brains to do all of this. How cool is that?
“The brain is highly modifiable in terms of these basic building blocks for learning,” Tallal said. BrainPro uses game-like exercises to challenge children’s abilities just enough. The program’s smart algorithms adapt individually to each child’s level, mouse click by mouse click, to make sure kids’ answer accuracy rate stays around 80 percent. It ratchets up the difficulty of the exercises kind of like your trainer at the gym gets you lifting heavier weights, adapting to each individual. Remote support tutors help parents monitor their child’s progress.
“The intent is to improve basic cognitive skills and language processing skills in terms of being able to really process the components of language and especially the sounds inside of words. To become a proficient reader, the child must become aware that it is the sounds inside of words that go with the letters. so these must be heard correctly and in the right order ,” Tallal said. “Spoken language is very important in the school years, not only because it is the foundation for reading, but also because a large percentage of what goes on in classrooms is the teacher standing up talking.” Children who have difficulty keeping up in the early grades may continue to struggle because “teachers use more complex language as you get older,” Tallal said.
Parents use complex language too. “A lot of times, parents think their kids are just not being cooperative, but it may well be that they gave them a series of commands that are more than their brains can process, remember, sequence and then take action on.”
A tool that helps with schoolwork AND chores? Sign me up.
In all seriousness, Tallal, co-director of the Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience at Rutgers University in Newark, N. J., is a great advocate for making sure all kids reach their potential. She appreciates all the resources schools put into improving curriculum, learning materials and training, but she points out that these approaches build content. “The one thing that is really new is the understanding that it is possible to improve the learning capacity of the brain the child brings to the classroom, ” she said.
When parents buy a BrainPro subscription, they get a highly intensive set of online “brain fitness” exercises plus the remote tutoring service. They monitor their child’s practice (and keep in mind, the exercises look like computer games) and the program sends their child’s data over the Internet to the tutor so that together they can track the student’s progress. After several weeks, the child’s brain will be able to process faster (which means they can take in more information), attend for longer periods of time, and retain more of what they learn and they “graduate” from the program. “Once your brain is operating at a more efficient level, it will keep practicing at that level as it learns in everyday life,” Tallal explained.
A unique feature of these computer programs is that they are highly individualized and adapt to the level that is optimal for each child, to assure a high level of success. Children as young as 5 through adults can use BrainPro (or another program, BrainSpark, that provides cognitive enhancement to children already doing well). “The most important thing is for a child to experience a high level of success in learning situations so they don’t get the idea they can’t do it, and turn off to learning.”
And the best news of all is that like physical fitness, the research shows that our brain can benefit from brain fitness workouts at any age, so it is never too late to start.
By Amy De La Hunt, Health Blogger for SmartParenting
Retrieved from: http://www.stlouiskidsmagazine.com/story/brain-boost-speed-your-child%E2%80%99s-processing-rate
Friday, September 3, 2010
讓孩子主動,閱讀才會成功
主動的學習才有用。如果不想學習,李遠哲站在這裡教化學還是沒有用,一定要自己願意學才有用。
閱讀障礙在現今無論哪個社會,大約都是六.五~六.七%左右,在學校一定會碰到閱讀障礙的孩子。這是基因的關係,所以你打他罵他都沒用。怎麼辦呢?我們可以用其他的方法開啟他。
歷史上有閱讀障礙的人非常多。比方說愛因斯坦、愛迪生。愛因斯坦是諾貝爾大師,但他到三歲才會說話。大家說,當時幸好有他媽媽,如果在現在的台灣社會,字不會拼、寫錯了,就重寫十個、一百個,把時間都拿去補強,把不會的變好,愛因斯坦再聰明也不會是愛因斯坦。
教育的觀念在改。大腦是有限的資源,它如果這方面好,一定有另一方面的不足。在高科技的社會,孩子不可能什麼都知道,所以我們應該順他的長處,把他的長處跟別人搭配,科技整合、團隊合作,就會成就一番事業。
另一位是李光耀。他退休時承認自己是語言障礙者,讓大家非常驚訝。為什麼願意說出來?他說,「新加坡小國小民,沒有自然資源,最大的資源是我們的腦力。」台灣也沒有自然資源,情形一模一樣。
腦神經和閱讀有何關係?
中 國字有非常多的音義。比方說「天、天花、天花板」,只要加一個字,全部改變。如果要讓孩子學東西,不管學什麼,閱讀是根本。若心裡沒有這個詞彙,他根本沒 辦法斷詞。孩子有斷句上的問題時,唯一的方法就是閱讀。腦神經和閱讀有何關係?過去對於中風,左腦受傷右邊癱掉的病人,我們會說,你要學用左手吃飯、穿衣 服,但現在我們把左手綁起來,強迫他右手動。為什麼?若你沒有主動要動,神經就沒辦法再連在一起。這也是為何孩子若不主動要學,怎麼教也沒有用。
去年十二月,一位音樂家在中正紀念堂開音樂會,他是茱莉亞音樂學院的鋼琴家。二十六歲時,手發生病變。他曾經非常沮喪,但醫生告訴他,這是可以再來過的。經過六年復健,他重新登上舞台。
外在的需求隨時改變內在的組織,這給我們教育者很大的啟發。讓我們知道,教育是有用的。
為 何主動學習才有用,被動學習沒有用?德國的實驗發現,學習一定要很早開始,腦部這塊區塊才會愈來愈大。過了青春期,就算每天練八小時也沒用。這曾引起歐洲 父母的恐慌,那小孩不是要從週一補習到週六?但後來經過實驗發現,只有自願主動學習,學習的區塊才會變大,對腦神經連結的密度才有幫助。被動是沒有用的。
習慣養成了很難改。因為一個神經連成了,要五年才會鬆掉。這就像買布做成衣,如果做壞了要改,是改不好的,最後只能把布丟掉,做一塊新的。這說明了為何小時候家教這麼重要,做事情第一次就要做對。
說話是個本能,閱讀是個習慣,後天的習慣就要培養,若沒有從小好好培養,神經沒有連起來,長大就來不及了。
還有像開車。你會發現,到人家工廠參觀,坐三次車都不認得路,但自己開過一次,就會了。可見主動學習,才會有效。
經驗有個缺點,要靠時間換取。但我們不能經驗到世上所有的東西,只好透過閱讀,把別人的經驗內化成自己的。
我讀穆桂英的故事給小孩聽,講到最精彩時說,不能再讀了,地板還沒擦。小孩立刻說,你讀你讀,我幫你擦地板,他覺得這樣很值得,這也說明了動機的重要。
卡 森(BenCarson)是底特律做腦部皮質切除手術最多的醫生。他住在貧民區,有一天,他媽媽一指關了電視說,我到中產階級人家幫傭,發現別人有書,我 們沒有。她強拉他上車,把他丟在最遠的圖書館。多年後卡森成為名醫重遊故地,發現他的朋友一半吸毒死掉,一半在街角要錢。他非常感慨,「當年母親那根手指 頭。改變了我的一生。」
城鄉差距再大,如果你可以打開書,就會打開一個世界。城鄉差距一定要靠閱讀改變,這是我看到閱讀對教育,最重要的一點
轉貼自
讓孩子主動,閱讀才會成功
讓孩子主動,閱讀才會成功
作者:洪蘭,施君蘭整理
出處:天下雜誌第304期
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
How Does Learning Coach Technology Work?